kel-4 and kāl-

    kel-4 and kāl-

    English meaning: a kind of dark/light spot

    Deutsche Übersetzung: in den Worten for helle and dunkle Flecken, graue and schwärzliche Farbentöne

    Note: compare also k̂er-3 and kers-1.

    Material: I. O.Ind. kalaŋka- m. “Fleck, Rost”, kalana- n. “Fleck, smut”, káluṣa- “dirty, filthy, black”, kalmaṣa- m. “Fleck, smut”, kalmǘ ṣ a- “varicolored, dappled “; with formants -ko-: karka- “white”, m. “ mildew “, karkī vaśü “weiße cow”, karkü “weiße mare” (Persson Beitr. 169), kalká- m. “ordure, filth “, cüṣ a- m. “the blaue Holzhäher” (*kel-so-); Pers. čarma “ mildew “, kurd. čerme “white” (: Swiss helm); Gk. κελαινός “black”, κιλλός “gray”, κίλλος “ donkey “ and “Zikade” (vowel as in πιλνός besides πελιός; -λλ- from -λν-?); very probably κόλυμβος (*kolu-mbhos) “ aquanaut (Vogelart)”, whereof κολυμβάω “tauche”, from the dunklen Farbe genannt; here also κίλλ- ουρος “Bachstelze” Hes.; Lat. columba f., -us m. “dove(r)” from *kol-on-bho- or *kolu-mbho-, then identical with κόλυμβος; to -mb- from -mbh- s. Schwyzer Gk. I 333; Ger. Swiss helm “weißer Fleck beim Vieh auf the forehead”, helme “name a Kuh with weißgeflecktem Kopf”, Swe. dial. hjälm “blässiger ox or blässiges horse” (compare to mforms O.Ind. kalmaṣa-); probably M.H.G. hilwe f. “fine fog”, bO.Ir. gehilb “fog, Herdrauch” (- w- in relationship to u from O.Ind. káluṣa-ḥ), wherefore O.H.G. huliwa “uligo, sordes limi velaquae”, M.H.G. hũlwe “puddle, slop, pool, Sumpflache” in ablaut steht; here (from den schwarzen Beeren) also O.H.G. holuntar, holantar “elder”, O.S. hylle ds.; s. Berneker 473 m. Lith., the also for Russ. kalína “Viburnum opulus” affiliation to kalъ (see under) considers. II. root form kül- : kǝl- (with unclear relationship to kel-): Gk. κηλί̄ς, -ῖδος (Dor. κᾱλί̄ς) “Fleck”, κηλιδόω ‘sully, bedraggle “, κηλήνη μέλαινα Hes., κηλάς νεφέλη ἄνυδρος καὶ χειμερινη ἡμέρα καὶ αἴξ, ἥτις κατὰ τὸ μέτωπον σημεῖον ἔχειτυλοειδές Hes.; Lat. cülidus, callidus (Gl.) “weißstirnig *(from horses)” = Umbr. kaleřuf (buf) “callidos (boves)”; Lat. cülīgo f. “fog, darkness “; O.Ir. caile, M.Ir. gaile “Fleck”; Lith. kalūbas, kalūvas “weißhalsig”; O.C.S. kalъ “πηλός, ordure” with den meaning ‘swamp, marsh, morass, with ordure smudge”; in addition (after the paint, color) Russ. kalína “Viburnum opulus”, as also Sloven. kalina “puddle, slop” and Russ. kalú-ga “morass”, kalú-ža “puddle”.

    References: WP. I 440 ff., WH. I 139 f., 249, Specht IE Decl. 118, 140, 1433, Trautmann 113 f., Petersson Heterokl. 146 f.